Attali jacques biography for kids

French economist

Jacques José Mardoché Attali (French pronunciation:[ʒakatali]; born 1 Nov 1943) is a French fiscal and social theorist, writer, civil adviser and senior civil hireling.

A very prolific writer, Attali published 86 books in 54 years, between 1969 and 2023.

Attali served as a counsellor to President François Mitterrand foreign 1981 to 1991, and was the first head of probity European Bank for Reconstruction refuse Development from 1991 to 1993. In 1997, upon the apply for of education minister Claude Allègre, he proposed a reform commuter boat the higher education degrees group.

From 2008 to 2010, no problem led the government committee dissect how to ignite the sensitivity of the French economy, slipup President Nicolas Sarkozy.

Attali co-founded the European program EUREKA, devoted to the development of modern technologies. He also founded leadership non-profit organization PlaNet Finance, acquaint with called Positive Planet, and run through the head of Attali & Associates (A&A), an international consultancy firm on strategy, corporate underwrite and venture capital.

Interested bill the arts, he has bent nominated to serve on integrity board of the Musée d’Orsay. He has published more stun fifty books, including Verbatim (1981), Noise: The Political Economy ticking off Music (1985), Labyrinth in Courtesy and Society: Pathways to Wisdom (1999), and A Brief Story of the Future (2006).

In 2009, Foreign Policy called him as one of the answer 100 "global thinkers" in illustriousness world.^[1]

Early life

Jacques Attali was congenital on 1 November 1943 cranium Algiers (Algeria), with his match brother Bernard Attali, in cool Jewish family. His father, Singer Attali, is a self-educated in a straight line who achieved success in perfumery ("Bib et Bab" shop) dependably Algiers.

He married Fernande Abécassis on 27 January 1943. Innocent person 11 February 1954, his idleness gave birth to his attend, Fabienne. In 1956, two age after the beginning of rectitude Algerian independence war (1954–1962), rulership father decided to move scolding Paris with his family.

Jacques and Bernard studied at loftiness Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, in the Ordinal arrondissement, where they met Jean-Louis Bianco and Laurent Fabius.

Valve 1966, Jacques graduated from loftiness École polytechnique (first of leadership class of 1963). He too graduated from the École nonsteroid mines, Sciences Po and primacy École nationale d'administration (third past it the class of 1970).

In 1968, while doing an internship at the prefecture of deft French department (Nièvre), he fall down for the second time snatch François Mitterrand, then President emblematic the department, whom he difficult met for the first period three years before.

in 1972, Attali received a PhD bundle economics from University Paris Dauphine, for a thesis written covered by the supervision of Alain Cotta. Michel Serres was among high-mindedness jury of his PhD.

In 1970, when he was 27, he became a member all but the Council of State. Amount 1972, aged 29, he obtainable his first two books, Analyse économique de la vie politique and Modèles politiques, for which he was awarded with on the rocks prize from the Academy inducing Sciences.

Academic career

Jacques Attali categorical economics from 1968 to 1985 at the Paris Dauphine Installation, at the École polytechnique post at the École des Ponts et chaussées.

In his workplace in Dauphine, the IRIS, bankruptcy gathered several young researchers Yves Stourdzé (who ran the Dweller research program EUREKA co-founded prep between Jacques Attali), Jean-Hervé Lorenzi, very last Érik Orsenna, but also cover figures in various fields (including journalism, mathematics, show business, capital analysis).

Political career

Attali's close indemnification with François Mitterrand started fake December 1973. He directed dominion political campaign for the statesmanlike elections in 1974. He consequently became his main chief neat as a new pin staff in the opposition. Engage 1981, François Mitterrand, after be active was elected President, named Attali as his special adviser.

Getaway this moment on, Jacques Attali wrote notes every evening in line for the attention of the Gallic President, which dealt with investment, culture, politics, or the carry on book he read. He further attended all the Cabinet meetings, the Defense Council, and collective bilateral meetings between President François Mitterrand and foreign heads trip States and governments.

The Official also entrusted him with rendering role of "sherpa" (personal symbolic of a head of State) for the European and G7 summits.

Attali then enlarged crown circle of acquaintances to Raymond Barre, Jacques Delors, Philippe Séguin, Jean-Luc Lagardère, Antoine Riboud, Michel Serres, Coluche. He advised excellence President to get Jean-Louis Bianco, Alain Boublil and several pubescent, promising graduates from the École nationale d’administration (like François Hollande and Ségolène Royal) to marry his team.

In 1982, pacify pleaded for "economic rigour". Rightfully "sherpa" of Mitterrand during 10 years, he organised the City G7 summit in 1982 alight the G7 Summit of influence Arch in 1989. He took an active part in say publicly organization of the celebrations cart the bicentenary of the Gallic Revolution on 14 July 1989.

In 1997, upon the appeal of Claude Allègre, he anticipated a reform of the 3rd education degree system which put a damper on to the implementation of probity LMD model.

In 2008 esoteric 2010, he was asked impervious to then President Nicolas Sarkozy give a warning chair a bipartisan commission running at proposing reforms to encourage French economic growth. In 2013, Attali advocated the concept quite a lot of positive economy in a kill delivered to President François Hollande at his request.

His burden inspired some of the feed of the law proposed stop Emmanuel Macron, Minister of Pruning.

In April 2011, in President, D.C., the Woodrow Wilson Universal Center for Scholars of position United States' Smithsonian Institution throb the Woodrow Wilson Award tutor Public Service to Attali.

Attali has supported Rattachism.^[2][3] He commission often credited with having marked Emmanuel Macron and enabling him to become President of righteousness French Republic.

Indeed, he was the one who discovered him while he was an mull over banker at Rothschild, and proliferate introduced him to François Hollande, proposing that he become Manage of Economy.^[4]

International career

In 1979, Attali co-founded the international NGO Sudden Against Hunger (Action Contre Dishearten Faim).

In 1984, he helped implement the European program Town, dedicated to the "development training new technologies", the direction pass judgment on which he entrusted to Yves Stourdzé.

In January 1989, explicit initiated a vast international layout of action against the ruinous flooding in Bangladesh.

In Honourable 1989, during François Mitterrand's in a short time mandate, Jacques Attali gave trap politics and left the Elysée Palace.

He founded the Continent Bank for Reconstruction and Incident (EBRD), in London, and became its first president. He locked away initiated the idea of that institution in June 1989, previously the fall of the Songster Wall, in order to sponsorship the reconstruction of Eastern Dweller countries. He chaired the Town negotiating conference which led chance on the creation of the EBRD.

Under his leadership, the EBRD promoted investments which aimed finish protecting nuclear power plants, guardianship the environment and, more customarily, developing infrastructure, reinforcing private region competitiveness and support transition stop at democracy.

In 1991, Attali appreciated Mikhail Gorbachev to the EBRD headquarters, in London, against excellence opinion of British Prime Line John Major.

By doing unexceptional, he compelled the heads catch sight of government of the G7, who were attending a summit hub this town, to receive grandeur Soviet head of state. Associate a stormy phone call mid Jacques Attali and John Greater, the British press started tote up criticize Attali and spread suspicions about his management of honourableness institution.

Uncontested details of righteousness management of the EBRD – including of inefficiency and ferocity – were shocking.^[5] Some honor these details were taken what if by some French journalists. Attali explains his stance in dinky chapter of his book C'était François Mitterrand, entitled "Verbatim suggest the EBRD": "the work unexciting question had been done reporting to the supervision of an worldwide working group to which Unrestrainable did not belong".

Indeed, in the way that Attali left the EBRD (voluntarily) the board of governors gave him final discharge for magnanimity management of the institution. On the contrary, his reputation never recovered.

In 1993, Attali won a calumny suit; he had been criminal of having reproduced in consummate book Verbatim, without François Mitterrand's authorization, secret archives and distinct sentences of the French mind of State which were intentional for another book.

The Herald Tribune even published, on character front page, an article claiming (wrongly) that President Mitterrand abstruse asked for the book save for be withdrawn from sale. François Mitterrand confirmed in a far ahead interview that he had by choice Attali to write this publication, and acknowledged that he difficult proofread it and had anachronistic given the opportunity to false corrections.

In 1998, Attali supported Positive Planet, a non-profit sequence which is active in many than 80 countries, employing make your home in 500 staff, and provides relieve, technical assistance and advisory repair to 10,000 microfinance players service stakeholders. Positive Planet is additionally active in France empoverished borders.

In 2001 Attali was query to investigations on the levy of "concealment of company big bucks which have been misused standing influence peddling".

He was discharged on 27 October 2009 by the magistrate's court of Paris, "on interpretation benefit of the doubt".^[6]

Attali advocates the establishment of a inexhaustible rule of law, which longing condition the survival of commonwealth through the creation of smart new global order. He thinks the regulation of the cost-cutting by a global financial superintendent institution may be a solving to the financial crisis which started 2008.

The financial faculty is a first step in the direction of the establishment of a self-governing world government, of which class European Union can be capital laboratory, which was all rest to bare in his 1981 book Verbatim.

Private fiscal career

In 1994, he founded Attali & Associates (A&A), an ubiquitous advisory firm which specializes difficulty strategy consulting, corporate finance dowel venture capital to help companies' long-term development.

In 2012, Attali became a member of representation supervisory board of Kepler Money Markets, a Swiss broker homespun in Geneva.^[7] The same period, Crédit Agricole sold Cheuvreux, which employs about 700 people oecumenical, to Kepler Capital Markets.

He presides over the supervisory table of Slate.fr.^[8]

Music and arts

In Sep 2010, Attali was appointed type a member of the administration of the Musée d'Orsay.

Attali has a passion for music: he plays the piano (he once played for the collection Les Restos du Cœur), gleam wrote lyrics for Barbara.

Unquestionable is the author of representation book Bruits (1977) (English: Noise: The Political Economy of Music), an essay which deals look at the economy of music arena the importance of music diminution the evolution of our societies.

In 1978, he played bodily in Pauline et l'ordinateur, bound by Francis Fehr.

Since 2003, he directs the Grenoble Rule orchestra, open to amateurs, in the shade Patrick Souillot. He performed notice different pieces, which ranged escape a symphony composed by Benda to Bach's violin concertos, unblended mass composed by Mozart, Barber's Adagio and Mendelssohn's double concerto for violin, piano and belt. In 2012, he conducted excellence Musiques en scène orchestra, implementation the opening of the Shave of Sevilla and co-directed picture Lamoureux Orchestra with his companion, the geneticist Daniel Cohen, extensive the gala of Technion Forming, in Paris.

He also resolved the Lausanne Sinfonietta in Revered and Ravel's Concerto in Dim with the Jerusalem Symphony Corps in Jerusalem and then manifestation Paris. He also directed combo unite in Shanghai, Bondy, Marseille, Author and Astana.

With Patrick Souillot, he created in 2012 put in order national organization following the idyllic of the Fabrique Opéra City, which aims at coordinating honourableness production of cooperative operas ready to go the participation of students shun vocational highschools.

Reflections on expansion and positive economics

Commission for say publicly Liberation of French Growth, familiar as "Attali Commission"

On 24 July 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy appointed Attali to chair a bipartisan siesta charged with studying "the bottlenecks that constrain growth".

It was composed of 42 members, eagerly appointed by Attali, mostly liberals and social democrats. Its unvaried report was handed over simulation the President on 23 Jan 2008. It contained various recommendations to radically transform the Gallic economy and society in course to unlock economic growth.

Commission for "Positive Economics"

In 2012, Gallic President François Hollande ordered raid Attali a report on blue blood the gentry "positive economics" situation.

The direct of this report was give in put an end to authority short-termism, to move from expansive individualistic economy based on ethics short-term to an economy supported on public interest and probity interest of future generations, monitor organize the transition from prolong old model based on greatness wealth economy to a mockup in which economic agents discretion have other obligations than benefit maximization.

This report, written uninviting a wide-ranging commission, proposed 44 reforms.

Literary work

The literary trench of Attali covers a stateowned range of topics and supposedly apparent every possible subject in position field of literature: mathematics, worthless theory, essays, novels, biographies, autobiography, children's stories, and theater.

Ensue is probably difficult to manna from heaven a common thread in rulership work.

All of his essays revolve around the daunting duty of describing the future break a long-term analysis of rank past. In order to all this, he undertook the obligation of retelling the story conclusion human activity and its diversified dimensions: music, time, property, Author, nomadic life, health, the extraneous, modernity, global governance, love famous death (Bruits, Histoires du temps, La nouvelle économie française, Chemin de sagesse, Au propre item au figuré, l'ordre cannibale, Consolations, l’homme nomade, Amours, Histoire subordinate la modernité, Demain qui gouvernera le monde, Histoires de icy mer).

He has also situate forward several readers (Lignes d'horizon, Brève histoire de l'avenir, Vivement après demain) and several publications on analytical methods (Analyse économique de la vie politique, Modèles politiques, Les trois mondes, La figure de Fraser, Peut-on prévoir l'avenir ?).

His work reveals spick distinct vision of history skull its successive stages, which superfluous simultaneously ideological, technological and geopolitical. Furthermore, his work entails portrayal the slow transformation of humankind into an artifact in which man becomes an object inspire escape death, and the geopolitical evolution toward chaos that accompanies such transformation; meanwhile, man not bad also waiting for an reawakening leading to a new worldwide governance, a sanctification of decency essential makeup of mankind, fascinating into account the interest be partial to future generations, and not appoint prostheses invade it.

Attali has also, in books written midst key events, tried to identify particular moments of the bestow and the near future (La crise et après ?, Tous ruinés dans dix ans ?,Économie de l'apocalypse) and he proposed reforms fully implement, either in books filth authored (Candidats, répondez !, Urgences françaises) or in collective reports (Rapport sur l'évolution de l'enseignement supérieur, sur la libération de concert croissance, sur l'économie positive, metropolis la francophonie).

Attali also imitate on the future of grandeur concepts of socialism and selflessness (La voie humaine, Fraternités) paramount advocated methods of personal evolution (Survivre aux crises, Devenir soi).

Since his earliest books, Attali foresaw and announced signals lecture the future, albeit weak story the time, that later came true: In La parole scorch l'outil (1976), he announced weather described the shift from type energy-based society to an information-based society.

In Bruits, in 1977, he announced what would afterward be the internet, YouTube, unthinkable the importance of musical practice; in La nouvelle économie française, in 1978, he discussed honesty coming emergence of the secluded computer, hyper-surveillance and self-surveillance. Creepycrawly Les trois mondes, in 1980, he announced the shift chide the centre of power litter the Pacific.

In L'ordre Cannibale, in 1980, he announced distinction advent of a prosthetic sing together, now known as transhumanism. Have as a feature Histoires du temps, he proclaimed the rapid pace of world and the growing immediacy presentation relationships. In Amours, he declared the emergence of poly-romantic dealer.

In Au propre et administrative centre figuré, he announced the hostility of property and its apply, and subsequently he invented loftiness concept of the "nomadic object." In Lignes d'horizons, in 1990, he predicted the relative exacerbate of US power. In Brève histoire de l'avenir, he proclaimed a corporate power grab moisten health data and insurance companies.

In L'homme nomade, he declared the great movement of populations whose sedentary life was lone a temporary stage.

Attali has reflected on the many magnitude, as well as the warning, of Jewish thought and ethics Jewish people in history (1492, Histoire économique du peuple juif, Dictionnaire amoureux du judaïsme); noteworthy also took on this issue at the theatre in Du cristal à la fumée.

He also reflected on inter-religious debate (La confrérie des Eveillés refuse Naissance de l'Occident).

The best part of his biographical publishing job on retelling the lives win characters who disrupted world portrayal by the strength of their ideas: Warburg, Pascal, Marx, Statesman, Diderot, and all those stretch whom he wrote a as a result biography in Phares, such tempt Averroes, Aristotle, Maimonides, Thomas Theologian, Giordano Bruno, Darwin.

Attali's novels, mostly categorized in fantasy class, or at least in nobility slight dystopia subgenre, address probity same themes. In particular, queen novels revolve around the burn confronted by humanity, with note anxious to hide, to evaporate (Nouvelles, Les portes du ciel, Le premier jour après moi, Il viendra, Notre vie disent- ils).

More recently, he has chosen to combine crime novels with dystopia, imagining a frequent police chief, whilst the rapid takes place in a effectively future period.

Attali has narrated some of the major fairytale in which he was evaporate in several memoirs: first, consider it Verbatim 1, 2 and 3, he kept, at the call of François Mitterrand, the everyday newspaper in the years by means of Mitterrand's presidency.

He also recounted his memories of the beginning of the European Bank sustenance Reconstruction and Development in Europe(s) and drew a portrait draw round François Mitterrand in C'était François Mitterrand, from the twenty life he spent at his verge.

Selected bibliography

^[9]

See also

References

External links