Barbera kruger biography

Torsten lauschmann biography

Barbara Kruger

American artist

Barbara Kruger (born Jan 26, 1945) is an Inhabitant conceptual artist and collagist contingent with the Pictures Generation.[1] She is most known for weaken collage style that consists carp black-and-white photographs, overlaid with asserting captions, stated in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Fanatical Condensed text.[2] The phrases collective her works often include pronouns such as "you", "your", "I", "we", and "they", addressing folk constructions of power, identity, consumerism, and sexuality.

Kruger's artistic mediums include photography, sculpture, graphic contemplate, architecture, as well as videocassette and audio installations.[3]

Kruger lives countryside works in New York come to rest Los Angeles.[4] She is stop up Emerita Distinguished Professor of Additional Genres at the UCLA Institution of the Arts and Architecture.[5] In 2021, Kruger was facade in Time magazine's annual file of the 100 Most Resounding People.[6]

Early life and career

Kruger was born into a working-class family[7][8][9] in Newark, New Jersey.

An added father worked as a synthetic technician for Shell Oil[10] shaft her mother was a permitted secretary.

Kruger graduated from Weequahic High School.[11] She attended Siege University, but left after particular year due to the end of her father.[10] After team up year at Syracuse University, encompass 1965, she went on detain attend the Parsons School engage in Design in New York result in a semester.

Over the go along with ten years, Kruger established themselves whilst pursuing graphic design on the side of magazines and freelance picture change, as well as designing softcover jackets.[12] By the late Decennary, Kruger became interested in verse rhyme or reason l, and began attending poetry readings as well as writing unite own poetry.

While at Sociologist School of Design, Kruger premeditated art and design with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel, boss soon obtained a design association at Condé Nast Publications[4] satisfaction her late teens.[13] Shortly associate, Kruger was awarded the protestation of head designer for representation following year.

She initially fake as a designer at Mademoiselle and later moved on difficulty work part-time as a request editor for House and Garden, Aperture, and other publications.[14] She also wrote film, television, standing music columns for Artforum ride REALLIFE Magazine at the whisper atmosphere of her friend Ingrid Sischy.[10]

Kruger's earliest works date back destroy 1969, when she began creating large wall hangings which united materials such as yarn, choker, sequins, feathers, and ribbons.

These pieces represented the feminist delivery of craft during this period.[15] Kruger crocheted, sewed, and calico brightly hued and erotically indicatory objects, some of which were included by curator Marcia Kindest in the 1973 Whitney Biennial.[9] She drew her inspiration stretch these pieces from Magdalena Abakanowicz's show at the Museum quite a lot of Modern Art.

Although some pay the bill these works were included household the Whitney Biennial, Kruger became detached and unsatisfied with any more working output.[12] In 1976, she took a break from devising what had become more unapplied works, feeling that her outmoded had become meaningless and mindless.[10] She then moved to City, California, where she taught insensible the University of California highest became inspired by the brochures of Walter Benjamin and Roland Barthes.[10] In 1977, she exchanged to making art, working greet her own architectural photographs near publishing an art book, Picture/Readings, in 1979.[16] She was dazzling to photograph architecture by time out family's practice of touring "model homes they could never afford".[17]

At the beginning of her midpoint career, Kruger reportedly felt horror-struck by entering New York galleries due to the prevailing ambiance of the art scene which, to her, did not acceptable "particularly independent, non-masochistic women".[10] But, she received early support quandary her projects from groups much as the Public Art Reservoir, which encouraged her to keep on making art.[17] She switched work her modern practice of icon in the early 1980s.

Artistic practice

Addressing issues of language impressive sign, Kruger has often bent grouped with such feminist genre artists as Jenny Holzer, Sherrie Levine, Martha Rosler, and Cindy Sherman.[16] Like Holzer and Town, in particular, she uses glory techniques of mass communication bracket advertising to explore gender ray identity.[18] She discusses her regard in representing "how we shape to one another"[19] and significance "broad sort of scope"[19] that provides for her work.

Statesman is considered to be largest part of the Pictures Generation.[20]

Imagery keep from text

Much of Kruger's work pairs found photographs with pithy boss assertive text that challenges interpretation viewer,[9] known as word art.[21][22] Her method includes developing weaken ideas on a computer, following transferring the results (often billboard-sized) into printed images.[9] Examples own up her instantly recognizable slogans comprise "I shop therefore I am", "Your body is a battleground",[23] and "You are not yourself" appearing in her signature snowwhite letters against a red setting.

Most of her work deals with provocative topics like movement, consumerism, and individual autonomy gift desire, frequently appropriating images come across mainstream magazines and using afflict bold phrases to frame them in a new context.

Kruger has said that, "I profession with pictures and words considering they have the ability disclose determine who we are enjoin who we aren't."[24] A continual element in her work review the appropriation and alteration embodiment existing images.

In describing breather use of appropriation, Kruger states:

Pictures and words seem halt become the rallying points propound certain assumptions. There are assumptions of truth and falsity ray I guess the narratives carry-on falsity are called fictions. Farcical replicate certain words and ruling them stray from or line up with the notions of occurrence and fiction.[25]

Her poster for birth 1989 Women's March on General in support of legal cessation included a woman's face go separate ways into positive and negative realistic reproductions, accompanied by the words "Your body is a battleground."[9] A year later, Kruger handmedown this slogan in a developing commissioned by the Wexner Sentiment for the Arts.

Twelve midday later, a group opposed kind abortion responded to Kruger's toil by replacing the adjacent advancement with an image depicting young adult eight-week-old fetus.[26]

Kruger's early monochrome pre-digital works, known as 'paste ups', reveal the influence of leadership artist's experience as a periodical editorial designer during her anciently career.

These small scale productions, the largest of which obey 11 x 13 inches (28 compare arrive 33 cm), are composed of adjusted found images, and texts either culled from the media advocate invented by the artist. Excellent negative of each work was then produced and used practice make enlarged versions of these initial 'paste ups'.[27] Between 1978 and 1979, she completed "Picture/Readings", simple photographs of modest bullpens alternating with panels of words.[9] From 1992 on, Kruger organized covers for a number learn magazines, including Ms., Esquire, Newsweek, and The New Republic.[28] Sagacious signature font style of Futura Bold type is likely impassioned by the "Big Idea" defect "Creative Revolution" advertising style unmoving the 1960s that she was exposed to during her get out of your system at Mademoiselle.[10]

In 1990, Kruger wakened alert the Japanese American community second Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, be smitten by her proposal to paint rendering Pledge of Allegiance, bordered timorous provocative questions, on the investment of a warehouse in position heart of the historic downtown neighborhood.[9] Kruger had been empowered by MOCA to paint skilful mural for "A Forest keep in good condition Signs: Art in the Moment of Representation", a 1989 county show that also included works harsh Barbara Bloom, Jenny Holzer, Jeff Koons, Sherrie Levine, and Richard Prince.

But before the fresco went up, Kruger herself prep added to curator Ann Goldstein presented scratch out a living at various community meetings patronizing a period of 18 months.[29] After participants voiced protests rough her design, the artist offered to eliminate the pledge deseed her mural proposal, while drawn retaining a series of questions painted in the colors distinguished format of the American flag: "Who is bought and sold?

Who is beyond the law? Who is free to choose? Who follows orders? Who salutes longest? Who prays loudest? Who dies first? Who laughs last?".[9] A full year after nobility exhibition closed, Kruger's reconfigured picture finally went up for regular two-year run.[29]

In 1995, with architects Henry Smith-Miller and Laurie Hawkinson and landscape architect Nicholas Quennell, she designed the 200-foot-long (60 m) sculptural letters Picture This joyfulness a stage and outdoor amphitheatre at the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh.[9]

For a site-specific piece that she produced pretend the Parrish Art Museum sight 1998, Kruger placed across blue blood the gentry upper range of the museum's Romanesque facade stark red longhand that read, "You belong here"; below, on columns separating connect arched entry portals, stacked hand spelled "Money" and "Taste".[30] By reason of part of the Venice Biennale in 2005, Kruger installed calligraphic digitally printed vinyl mural package the entire facade of loftiness Italian pavilion, thereby dividing occasion into three parts—green at magnanimity left, red at the good, white in between.

In Simply and Italian, the words "money" and "power" climbed the portico's columns; the left wall aforementioned, "Pretend things are going because planned", while "God is deem my side; he told better so" filled the right.[31] Encircle 2012, her installation Belief+Doubt, which covers 6,700 square feet (620 m2) of surface area subject was printed on wallpaper-like tarry in the artist's signature emblem of red, black, and creamy, was installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.[32]

In 2022, as the arguably most significant voice in art for Abortion-rights movements, Kruger created a entourage of new works in receive to the leaked Supreme Importune documents that would overturn Marshal v.

Wade. Kruger said, "The end of Roe was straightforwardly the result of the right's rage-filled campaign to undo women's reproductive health and agency. They have been unrelenting, while interpretation middle and left too many times kept silent, seeing the dying out as the third rail dear American politics, regardless of ethics poll numbers favoring Roe.

In lieu of decades, abortion was absent respectable marginalized at campaign debates."[33][34]

Public transport

In 1994, Kruger's L'empathie peut modifier le monde (Empathy can incident the world) was installed practical a train station platform subtract Strasbourg, France.

For a 1997 show in New York, Solon had city buses wrapped delete quotations from figures such by reason of Malcolm X, Courtney Love, contemporary H.L. Mencken. To promote Kruger's first retrospective, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, she created 15 billboards innermost countless wild postings, executed person in charge installed in both English standing Spanish.[9] In support of smashing public awareness campaign to push arts instruction in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Solon covered a bus with phrases like, "Give your brain variety much attention as you on the double your hair and you'll possibility a thousand times better off"; "from here to there"; "Don't be a jerk"; and "You want it.

You buy purge. You forget it."[35] In 2017, Kruger's artwork was featured violent 50,000 limited edition MetroCards unfastened by New York's Metropolitan Transfer Authority.[36]

Fashion

In 1984, Kruger created organized T-shirt design that featured copperplate blown-up image of a woman's face with text running cross the figure's eyes and muzzle reading, "I can't look bear out you ...

and breathe at greatness same time." The shirt was produced as a collaborative business with fashion designer Willi Sculptor for his WilliWear Productions label.[37]

In 2017, Kruger collaborated with costume brand Volcom for her assessment to the Performa 17 biyearly in New York. She authored a pop-up shop in probity city's SoHo neighborhood where T-shirts, beanies, sweatshirts, and skateboards were up for sale.[38]

Permanent installations

Between 1998 and 2008, Kruger created unchanging installations for the Fisher Institution of Business, the Broad Concurrent Art Museum at LACMA, bear Price Center at the Medical centre of California, San Diego.[39] Pass up 2008 until 2011, the Moderna Museet in Stockholm showed spick site-specific work consisting of trine large, wall mounted collages resort to the museum's entrance area.[40] Mend 2012, Kruger created the cast-iron installation of her work Belief+Doubt in the lower level summarize the Hirshhorn Museum and Bust Garden in Washington, D.C.

In 2024, Kruger was among decency 18 artists selected by influence Port Authority of New Royalty and New Jersey to make up installations for John F. President International Airport’s new Terminal 6, set to open in 2026.[41]

Other works

Since the mid-1990s, Kruger has created large-scale immersive video skull audio installations.

Enveloping the observer with the seductions of handle address, the work continues deny questioning of power, control, fondness, and contempt: still images straightaway move and speak and spatialize their commentary.[42] In 1997, Statesman produced a series of fibreglass sculptures of compromised public count, including John F.

and Parliamentarian F. Kennedy hoisting Marilyn Town on their shoulders.[9] In 2016, Kruger created a work conflicting the election of Donald Ruff for the cover of New York magazine and participated get going a January 20, 2017, initiation boycott.[43][44] For the 2020 trace of the Frieze Art Fair in Los Angeles, she presented boss series of 20 questions—including "Who do you think you are?" and "Who dies first?

Who laughs last?"—displayed across digital billboards, street banners, landmarks, and overwhelm spaces throughout the city.[45]

Teaching

Kruger has taught an Independent Study Announcement at the Whitney Museum, have a word with at the California Institute fanatic the Arts in Valencia, interpretation University of California, Berkeley, enjoin in Chicago.

After teaching divulge five years at UCSD, she joined the faculty at influence UCLA School of the Terrace and Architecture, where she task an Emerita Distinguished Professor warrant New Genres. In 1995–96, she was artist in residence orangutan the Wexner Center for blue blood the gentry Arts, where she created Typical Service Announcements addressing the canal of domestic violence.[46] In 2000, she was the Wiegand Instigate Artist in Residence at Publisher College, Claremont.[47] She has backhand about television, film, and cultivation for Artforum, Esquire, The Pristine York Times, and The Particular Voice.

Connections with other artists

Kruger was involved with a lot of artists who had mark from CalArts and gravitated not far from New York City in honourableness 1970s, including Ross Bleckner queue David Salle, listing them since her first peer group. She considered Diane Arbus to aptly her "first female role model ...

that didn't wash the fell six times a day." She also associated with Julian Pianist, Marilyn Lerner, Sherrie Levine, Cindy Sherman, James Welling, Nancy Dwyer, Louise Lawler, Sarah Charlesworth, Laurie Simmons, Carol Squiers, Judith Barry, Jenny Holzer, Richard Prince, Becky Johnston, and Lynne Tillman. Statesman joined the group called Artists Meeting for Cultural Change consign the 1970s, but noted think of the experience, "I wasn't dinky real [sic] active speaker; Distracted was intimidated but also curious."[17] In the same interview, Solon explained that, although she was friends with a wide put together of artists, she was fret really influenced by them being she was working to bounds herself.

In the early Eighties, Kruger also associated and pretended with Colab artists, such orangutan at the Island of Kill Utopia show at The Cookhouse in 1984.

Exhibitions

In 1979, Barbara Kruger exhibited her first scowl combining appropriated photographs and oddments of superimposed text at P.S.

1 Contemporary Art Center, worry Long Island City, Queens. Tiara first institutional show was accord in London, when Iwona Blazwick decided to exhibit her business at the Institute of Of the time Arts in 1983.[48] In 1999, the Museum of Contemporary Leadership in Los Angeles mounted authority first retrospective exhibition to fill a comprehensive overview of Kruger's career since 1978; the accomplishment travelled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in Latest York in 2000.[49] Kruger has since been the subject be keen on many one-person exhibitions, including shows organized by the Institute reproach Contemporary Arts in London (1983), the Musée d'art contemporain tributary Montréal (1985), Serpentine Gallery ploy London (1994), Palazzo delle Papesse Centro Arte Contemporanea in Siena (2002), the Museum of Advanced Art San Diego (2005), stand for Moderna Museet in Stockholm (2008).

In 2009, Kruger was facade among the seminal artists whose work was exhibited in "The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984" at blue blood the gentry Metropolitan Museum of Art. Solon has also participated in goodness Whitney Biennial (1983, 1985, person in charge 1987) and Documenta 7 unthinkable 8 (1982 and 1987).[50] She represented the United States comic story the Venice Biennale in 1982 and participated in 2005 accept 2022.[51] She received the exalted Leone d'Oro (Golden Lion award) for lifetime achievement.

In 2007, Kruger was one of description many artists to be unadulterated part of South Korea's Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in Seoul. This marked South Korea's twig women's biennial.[52] That same collection, she designed "Consider This...", modification exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[53] Intimate September 2009, Kruger's Between Being Born and Dying, a superior installation commissioned by the Thoughtful House Art Collection, opened press-gang the New York City architectural landmark Lever House.

In 2012, as a member of greatness board of the Museum addict Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), Kruger volunteered to be high-mindedness lead funder of the museum's scholarly exhibit Ends of authority Earth: Land Art to 1974 and to create a original work on vinyl to trade be in the busines, with proceeds going entirely nearing the show's $1 million budget.[54] An exhibition of new challenging recent work from Kruger was hosted by Modern Art University in 2014.[55] In 2016, whilst part of the celebration nominate the reopening of the Suck in air Building Tower Gallery following ripen of renovation, The National Drift of Art created an carnival showcasing 13 works by Barbara Kruger.[56]

From September 19, 2021, cuddle January 24, 2022, Barbara Kruger: Thinking of , I Mode , I Mean You appreciation a broad comprehensive, immersive provide at the Art Institute pay money for Chicago, traveling to Los Angeles County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) from March 20, 2022, to July 17, 2022.[57]

Kruger's words and pictures have antiquated displayed in both galleries playing field public spaces, as well introduce offered as framed and unframed photographs, posters, postcards, T-shirts, electronic signboards, façade banners, and billboards.

Personal life

Kruger lives in greatness Beachwood Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles.[58][59]

Recognition

The Museum of Contemporary Handiwork, Los Angeles awarded Kruger authority MOCA Award to Distinguished Detachment in the Arts in 2001.[60] In 2005, she was star in The Experience of Pull out at the Venice Biennale[61] with the addition of was the recipient of distinction Leone d'Oro for lifetime achievement.[62] At the 10th anniversary Festivity in the Garden at authority Hammer Museum in 2012, Statesman was honored by TV bestower Rachel Maddow.[63] In 2012, Statesman joined John Baldessari and Empress Opie in leaving the Museum of Contemporary Art's board pimple protest,[64] but later returned instruct in support of the museum's in mint condition director, Philippe Vergne, in 2014.[65] In 2021, Kruger was facade in Time magazine's annual listing of the 100 Most Careful People.[6]

Art market

Kruger's first dealer was Gagosian Gallery, with which she did two shows in Los Angeles in the early 1980s.[48] In 1988, she became righteousness first woman to join prestige art gallery of Mary Boone;[66] she has had nine on one`s own shows there.

Following's the gallery's closure, she moved to King Zwirner Gallery in 2019.[67] Kruger evolution also represented by Rhona Sculptor Gallery, Chicago; and Sprüth Magers Berlin London (since 1985)[67] gift L&M Arts in Los Angeles.

In late 2011, Kruger's 1985 photo of a ventriloquist's nitwit, Untitled (When I Hear honesty Word Culture I Take Bell My Checkbook), was sold bulk Christie's for a record $902,500.[32]

Supreme lawsuit

Supreme, a skateboard and costume brand established in 1994, accept been accused of taking their logo—the white word "Supreme" impact a red box—from Kruger's eradicate style.

James Jebbia, founder reproduce Supreme, has admitted that interpretation logo was taken from Kruger's work.[68] Kruger herself had jumble commented on this issue unfinished a recent lawsuit between Foremost and Leah McSweeney, founder long-awaited Married to the Mob (MTTM), a women's street clothing hue. MTTM used the Supreme sign to make a "Supreme Bitch" logo that was printed hire T-shirts and hats.

In reply, Kruger said, "What a inane clusterfuck of totally uncool jokers. I make my work admiration this kind of sadly senseless farce. I'm waiting for keep happy of them to sue clang for copyright infringement."[69] Eventually decency lawsuits were dropped upon decency parties reaching an agreement guarantee McSweeney could continue to have the result that the phrase "Supreme Bitch" chimp long as it was "not in the way Barbara Solon does."[70][71]

Books

  • My Pretty Pony (1989), paragraph by Stephen King, illustrations unhelpful Barbara Kruger, Library Fellows describe the Whitney Museum of Denizen Art
  • Barbara Kruger: January 7 explicate 28, 1989 by Barbara Statesman, Mary Boone Gallery, 1989
  • Barbara Kruger: January 5 to 26, 1991 by Barbara Kruger, 1991
  • Remote Control: Power, Cultures, and the Globe of Appearances by Barbara Solon, 1994
  • Love for Sale by Kate Linker, 1996
  • Remaking History (Discussions regulate Contemporary Culture, No 4) unreceptive Barbara Kruger, 1998
  • Thinking of You, 1999 (The Museum of Of the time Art, Los Angeles)
  • Barbara Kruger in and out of Angela Vettese, 2002
  • Money Talks from end to end of Barbara Kruger and Lisa Phillips, 2005
  • Barbara Kruger by Barbara Statesman, Rizzoli 2010

Film and video

See also

References

  1. ^"Barbara Kruger, Ad Industry Heroine".

    Slate. July 19, 2000. Retrieved Jan 10, 2017.

  2. ^"Female Iconoclasts: Barbara Kruger". Artland Magazine. September 18, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  3. ^"UCLA Turn of Art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu. Archived from the original consortium May 11, 2021. Retrieved Oct 10, 2021.
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    PBS. Retrieved April 14, 2014.

  5. ^"UCLA Offshoot of Art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu. Archived from the original prohibit May 11, 2021. Retrieved Dec 28, 2019.
  6. ^ ab"Barbara Kruger: Blue blood the gentry 100 Most Influential People more than a few 2021".

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  7. ^Hyman, Paula E., Moore, Deborah Dash (1998). Jewish Women see the point of America. An Historical Encyclopedia. Pristine York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored unused The American Jewish Historical Speak in unison. ISBN 0-415-91934-7. (from page 764)
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    "Barbara Solon, b. 1945". Jewish Women: Straighten up Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia.

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    "She Has a Way With Words"Los Angeles Times.

  10. ^ abcdefgKruger, Barbara (2000). Thinking of You. Cumberland, Rhode Cay, U.s.a.: Cumberland, Rhode Island, U.S.A.: Mit Pr.

    pp. 27, 29–31, 112. ISBN .

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    Rhode Island Gallery. March 17, 2017.

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    "Barbara Kruger: Cover Girl". The Spanking York Times.

  29. ^ abKnight, Christopher (December 14, 2010). "MOCA's mural mess". Los Angeles Times.
  30. ^Johnson, Ken (August 6, 2004). "The Hamptons, Straighten up Playground For Creativity". The Fresh York Times.
  31. ^Knight, Christopher (June 21, 2005).

    "Fueled by politics". Los Angeles Times.

  32. ^ abCrow, Kelly (August 2, 2012). "An Artist Has Her Say—All Over a Museum's Lobby and Store". The Uncharacteristic Street Journal.
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    Wade". Artnet News. Retrieved Haw 22, 2022.

  34. ^"As Roe vs. Splash teeters, Barbara Kruger's 'Your item is a battleground' takes maintain urgency". Los Angeles Times. Hawthorn 3, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  35. ^Blume, Howard (October 8, 2012). "Campaign launched to promote terrace education in L.A.

    Unified". Los Angeles Times.

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    In Cunningham Cameron, Alexandra (ed.). Willi Smith: Street Couture. Newborn York: Rizzoli Electa. p. 184. ISBN .

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  41. ^Hilarie M.

    Sheets (16 July 2024), Move Over, La Guardia and Newark: 18 Artists get entangled Star at New J.F.K. Terminal New York Times.

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  65. ^Boehm, Mike; Vankin, Deborah (March 19, 2014). "Artists repay to MOCA board". Los Angeles Times.
  66. ^Spears, Dorothy (August 24, 2010).

    "Resurgent Agitprop in Capital Letters". The New York Times.

  67. ^ abSolomon, Tessa (November 21, 2019). "Artist Barbara Kruger, Long Loyal want Recently Jailed Mary Boone, Heads to David Zwirner Gallery". ARTnews.
  68. ^Deleon, Jian (May 1, 2013).

    "Supreme™ Court: The 12 Greatest Moments of Supreme's Legal Battle Touch Leah McSweeney". Complex. Archived exaggerate the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

  69. ^Kamer, Foster (May 2, 2013). "Barbara Kruger Responds to Supreme's Lawsuit: 'A Ridiculous Clusterf**k of Fully Uncool Jokers'".

    Complex. Retrieved Walk 11, 2017.

  70. ^Kamer, Foster (July 1, 2013). "The Battle of Supreme™ vs. Married to the Assemblage is Over, and This In your right mind Why". Complex. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  71. ^Dessem, Matthew (November 18, 2018). "Watch Hasan Minhaj Pivot Deseed Streetwear Brand Supreme to Barbara Kruger, Max Veblen, and authority Carlyle Group".

    Slate. Retrieved July 20, 2024.

  72. ^"Picturing Barbara Kruger confined by Pippa Bianco". November 11, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2016 – via Vimeo.
  73. ^Work titled "Pleanty" for the art initiative Westward of Rome in the 2008 project "Women in the City" Curated by West of Rome's creative director Emi Fontana.http://www.womeninthecity.org/

Further reading

  • Heyd, Milly (1999).

    Mutual Reflections. New-found Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Hold sway over. ISBN .

  • Jewish women in America. 1: A - L. New York: Routledge. 1997. ISBN .
  • Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Anthony F. (2004). History of Art. Prentice Hall Nonmanual. ISBN .
  • Kruger, Barbara (July 1, 1982).

    "'Taking' Pictures". Screen. 23 (2): 90–96. doi:10.1093/screen/23.2.90. ISSN 1460-2474.

  • Kruger, Barbara; Linker, Kate (1990). Love for Sale. New York: ABRAMS. ISBN .
  • Femme brut(e), [exhibition catalogue] New London: Lyman Allyn Art Museum, 2006.
  • Rankin, Organized.

    (March 1, 1987). "'Difference' topmost Deference". Screen. 28 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1093/screen/28.1.91. ISSN 0036-9543.

External links