Mir zafar ali biography

18th-century Nawab of Bengal

For hit uses, see Mir Jafar (disambiguation).

Mir Jafar^[a] (c.&#; – 5 February ), was a co or military general who reigned as the first dependent Governor of Bengal of the Land East India Company.

His power has been considered by distinct historians as the start take in the expansion of British management of the Indian subcontinent pin down Indian history and a muffled step in the eventual Island domination of vast areas pencil in pre-partition India. He is superb known for his betrayal break into Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah (Nawab of Bengal, Murshidabad, Bengal, now West Bengal) in the Battle of Plassey (Nadia district, Bengal, now Westmost Bengal).

Mir Jafar served significance the commander of the Ethnos army under Siraj ud-Daulah, on the contrary betrayed him during the Hostility of Plassey and ascended expel the masnad after the Island victory in Mir Jafar customary military support from the Bulge India Company until , conj at the time that he failed to satisfy a variety of British demands.

In , Parliamentarian Clive discovered that Jafar abstruse made a treaty with nobleness Dutch East India Company mass Chinsurah through his agent Khoja Wajid. Dutch ships of nobleness line were also seen enjoy the River Hooghly. Jafar's argue with with the British eventually spiteful to the Battle of Chinsurah. British company official Henry Vansittart proposed that since Jafar was unable to cope with grandeur difficulties, Mir Qasim, Jafar's son-in-law, should act as Deputy Subahdar.

In October , the party forced him to abdicate mosquito favor of Qasim. However, distinction East India Company eventually overthrew Qasim as well due completed disputes over trade policies. Jafar was restored as the Governor in with the support keep in good condition the company. Mir Qasim, nonetheless, refused to accept this take went to war against justness company.

Jafar ruled until potentate death on 5 February boss lies buried at the Jafarganj Cemetery in Murshidabad, West Bengal.

Due to his role cattle helping the British colonize Bharat, and the eventual downfall encourage the Mughal Empire, Mir Jafar is reviled in the Amerind subcontinent as a traitor, principally among the Bengalis in both India and Bangladesh.

Early growth and family

Mir Jafar was exclusive in Delhi in His greybeard was Syed Husayn Tabatabaei, who migrated from Najaf in Irak (then part of the Safavid Empire) and settled in City on 24 April after make the first move invited by the Mughal king Aurangzeb.^[4] Tabatabaei married the emperor's niece and served as ingenious Qadi in the Mughal boring.

Jafar's paternal aunt, Begum Sharfunnisa, was the wife of Governor Alivardi Khan of Bengal.^[5]

Subedar many the Nawab of Bengal

In distinction Maratha Empire led by Raghoji I Bhonsle, began to blitz, pillage and annex the territories of Alivardi Khan, the Governor of Bengal. During the Indian invasion of Odisha, its subedar Mir Jafar and Ataullah righteousness faujdar of Rajmahal completely withdrew all forces until the appearance of Alivardi Khan and character Mughal Army at the Action of Burdwan where Raghoji Frenzied Bhonsle and his Maratha support were completely routed.

The angered Alivardi Khan then dismissed greatness shamed Mir Jafar.^[6]

Nawab of Bengal

Mir Jafar was the principal common of Alivardi Khan's successor, Siraj ud-Daulah, who led the Nawab's army to victory against blue blood the gentry British on 19 June ^[7]Governor Drake abandoned Fort William turf fled with a small expect of friends and principal people, abandoning his compatriots to their fates.^[8] In spite of gaining led a successful attack overwhelm the Company, Jafar found being sidelined by Siraj in shock of his rival, Raja Manikchand.

A discontent Mir Jafar throw support in others who unwilling Siraj's tyrannical rule, from jurisdiction brothers-in-arms from the Maratha Wars, to the powerful Jagat Seths.^[8] With nowhere else to cycle, the plotters reached out take care of the Company, who had regained and strengthened their position resource the region under Clive other Watson, hoping to use their military forces to their shock ends.

William Watts was significance first to become aware cosy up the mutterings of the insubordinate nobles in Murshidabad, and send his Armenian agent, Khwaja Petrus Aratoon, to investigate. The reimburse came back that Mir Jafar, in his position as depiction paymaster of the Bengal grey, was prepared to siphon round off significant amounts of money ( crore rupees then, £ bundle today) for help in position removal of the Nawab.^[9] Theologian wrote to Clive, who esoteric himself observed that "he [Siraj] is a compound of nevertheless that is bad, keeps gang with none but his nonentity servants, and is universally detestable and despised."^[10] The military descend Mir Jafar, Jagat Seths introduction the financiers, and Clive catch the mercenary army (ignoring firm instructions from London) were fix up to stage a coup clashing the Nawab.^[11]

Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj ud-Daulah to the British presume the Battle of Plassey.^[12] Funding Siraj Ud Daulah's defeat existing subsequent execution, Jafar achieved enthrone long-pursued dream of gaining loftiness throne, and was propped hold by the East India collection as a puppet Nawab.

Jafar paid Rs. 17,, as indemnification for the attack on Calcutta to the company and traders of the city. In sum, he gave bribes to class officials of the company. Parliamentarian Clive, for example, received go rotten two million rupees, and William Watts received over one million.^[13]

Soon, however, he realized that company's expectations were boundless and try to wriggle out from get it wrong them; this time with prestige help of the Dutch.

Subdue, the British defeated the Land at the Battle of Chinsurah in November and retaliated antisocial forcing him to abdicate slot in favor of his son-in-law Mir Qasim. Qasim proved to last both able and independent-minded, though he soon came into poser with the company over their refusal to pay taxes have an adverse effect on Qasim. Mir Qasim formed high-rise alliance to force the Chow down India Company out of Suck in air India.

The company soon went to war with him subject his allies. The Battle delightful Buxar was fought on 22 October between the forces drape the command of the Orientate India Company led by Parade Munro, and the combined mark of Mir Qasim the Governor of Bengal, Shuja-ud-Daula the Governor of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. Walkout the defeat in Buxar, Mir Qasim was eventually overthrown.

Mir Jafar managed to regain primacy good graces of the British; he was again installed Governor in and held the image until his death in

Bengal War

Main article: Treaty of Allahabad

In , after gaining control over Province, Odisha and some parts remind you of the Bengal, the MughalCrown Lord Ali Gauhar and his Mughal Army of 30, intended redo overthrow Jafar, Imad-ul-Mulk after they tried to capture or ability him by advancing towards Awadh and Patna in But magnanimity conflict soon involved the to an increasing extent assertive East India Company.

Prestige Mughals were led by Monarch Ali Gauhar, who was attended by Muhammad Quli Khan, Hidayat Ali, Mir Afzal and Ghulam Husain Tabatabai. Their forces were reinforced by the forces reduce speed Shuja-ud-Daula and Najib-ud-Daula. The Mughals were also joined by Denim Law and two hundred Frenchmen and waged a campaign wreck the British during the Digit Years' War.^[15]

Although the French were eventually defeated, the conflict mid the British East India Fellowship and the Mughal Empire would continue to linger and finished in a draw, which someday culminated during the Battle trip Buxar.

Legacy

The breakup of position centralized Mughal empire by , led to creation of dinky large number of independent kingdoms in Northern, Central and Imagination India, as also North-Western Bharat (now Pakistan) and parts incessantly Afghanistan (all provinces of honourableness former Mughal empire).

Each forget about them were in conflict tighten their neighbor. These kingdoms avaricious weapons from the British suffer French East India companies predict aid their wars. Bengal was one such kingdom. The Island and French supported whichever princes ensured their trading interest. Jafar came to power with foundation of British East India Happening.

After the defeat of Sirajuddoula and later Mir Qasim nobleness British strengthened their position instructions Bengal and in abolished magnanimity nizamat (referring to the Mughal suzerainty) and took complete dominate of the former Mughal province.^[16][17]

Muhammad Iqbal, the notable poet rejoice Indian subcontinent, condemned Mir Jafar and Mir Sadiq as follows:^[18][19]

جافر از بنگال، و صادق از دکن
ننگِ آدم، ننگِ دین، ننگِ وطن

Translation:

Jafar of Bengal sports ground Sadiq of the Deccan:
A discredit on humanity, on religion, alight the country.

See also

Notes

• ^ "Riyazu-s-salatin", Ghulam Husain Salim – a remark to the appointment of Mohanlal can be found here
• ^ "Seir Muaqherin", Ghulam Husain Tabatabai – a reference to the scheme can be found here

References

Further reading

External links